Dickkopf-3 in Human Malignant Tumours: A Clinical Viewpoint.
Eun-Ju LeeQue Thanh Thanh NguyenMooyul LeePublished in: Anticancer research (2020)
Dickkopf-3 (DKK3), also known as REIC, is a secreted glycoprotein. DKK3 is aberrantly expressed in various types of human malignant tumours. Promoter methylation status, intracellular protein expression, and protein expression in tumour vessels are significantly correlated with clinical prognostic factors, including survival. In malignant cells, DKK3 is involved in the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of invasion, and remodelling of tumour vasculature. These activities are carried out via the regulation of the beta-catenin signalling and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent cellular pathway, both of which are critical for carcinogenesis. This review explores the potential value of DKK3 as a clinical biomarker and a therapeutic candidate in human malignancies.
Keyphrases
- endothelial cells
- prognostic factors
- cell cycle arrest
- dna methylation
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- pluripotent stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- oxidative stress
- cell proliferation
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- transcription factor
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- genome wide
- signaling pathway
- reactive oxygen species