Photopically Transparent Organic Solar Cells with Tungsten Oxide-Based Multilayer Electrodes.
Juhui OhJu-Hyeon KimYong Ryun KimArdalan ArminSanseong LeeKiyoung ParkHongkyu KangKwanghee LeePublished in: ACS applied materials & interfaces (2023)
The tailoring of the average photopic transmittance (APT) of transparent organic solar cells (T-OSCs) has been the greatest challenge in building-integrated photovoltaic applications for future smart solar windows to regulate indoor brightness, maintain a human circadian rhythm, and positively impact human emotions by allowing the observation of the external environment. However, a notorious trade-off exists between the APT and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of T-OSCs, mainly due to the absence of highly conductive and transparent top electrodes, which are a key building block determining the PCE and APT. Herein, we demonstrate a new tungsten oxide (WO 3 )-based multilayer as a highly conductive and transparent top electrode that provides an excellent APT while maintaining a high PCE in T-OSCs. With the assistance of optical simulation based on a transfer matrix method to calculate the optimum thicknesses of the multilayer electrodes, we achieve the best-performing T-OSC with a PCE of 7.0% and a full device APT of 46.7%, resulting in a high light utilization efficiency of 3.27%, which is superior to that of T-OSCs based on the same photoactive system. Furthermore, superior thermal stability at 85 °C in an N 2 atmosphere is observed in WO 3 -based T-OSCs, maintaining 98% of the initial PCE after about 231 h. Our findings provide new insights into the development of T-OSCs with high efficiency and transparency.
Keyphrases
- solar cells
- reduced graphene oxide
- endothelial cells
- high efficiency
- carbon nanotubes
- solid state
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- pluripotent stem cells
- gold nanoparticles
- high resolution
- atrial fibrillation
- air pollution
- particulate matter
- risk assessment
- current status
- water soluble
- mass spectrometry
- drinking water