Overexpression of Liriodendron tulipifera JAG Gene ( LtuJAG ) Changes Leaf Shapes in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana .

In Arabidopsis thaliana , JAGGED ( JAG ) is a transcription inhibitor that controls the development of leaf polarity and regulates the expression of genes controlling lateral organ formation. Liriodendron tulipifera is an ornamental tree with extraordinary tulip-shaped flowers and goose web-like leaves, this is one of the suitable plants for morphological development research. To investigate the potential functions of the LtuJAG gene, we isolated the full-length LtuJAG from L. tulipifera , transferred it into A. thaliana via agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and monitored its expression pattern. Subcellular localization showed that LtuJAG was located in the nucleus. RT-qPCR assays indicated that LtuJAG was expressed mainly in leaf buds and flowers, but not in mature leaves and stems. GUS staining results showed that LtuJAG was expressed in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Overexpressing LtuJAG changed A. thaliana leaf shapes, causing a moderate serration and a slight asymmetric distribution in the medio-lateral and proximal-distal axes. Ectopic expression of LtuJAG induced the expression of lateral organ boundary suppressors JAGGED LATERAL ORGANS ( JLO ) and ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX1 ( ATH1 ). It also repressed the expression of the apical meristem suppressor class-1 KNOX gene ( KNOX I ) and altered endogenous hormone levels. Our results suggest that LtuJAG plays a role in negatively regulating leaf polarity formation in L. tulipifera .