Role of smoking in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: three random population-based studies.
Nicholas J TalleyNicholas PowellMarjorie M WalkerMichael P JonesJukka RonkainenAnna ForsbergLars KjellströmPer M HellströmPertti AroBengt WallnerLars AgréusAnna AndreassonPublished in: Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics (2021)
Smoking is an important environmental risk factor for postprandial distress syndrome, the most common FD subgroup, with over a twofold increased odds of PDS in heavy smokers. The role of smoking in IBS-diarrhoea, but not constipation, is also likely important.