Application of the distance-based F test in an mGWAS investigating β diversity of intestinal microbiota identifies variants in SLC9A8 (NHE8) and 3 other loci.

Factors shaping the human intestinal microbiota range from environmental influences, like smoking and exercise, over dietary patterns and disease to the host's genetic variation. Recently, we could show in a microbiome genome-wide association study (mGWAS) targeting genetic variation influencing the β diversity of gut microbial communities, that approximately 10% of the overall gut microbiome variation can be explained by host genetics. Here, we report on the application of a new method for genotype-β-diversity association testing, the distance-based F (DBF) test. With this we identified 4 loci with genome-wide significant associations, harboring the genes CBEP4, SLC9A8, TNFSF4, and SP140, respectively. Our findings highlight the utility of the high-performance DBF test in β diversity GWAS and emphasize the important role of host genetics and immunity in shaping the human intestinal microbiota.