Invasive Hemodynamic Evaluation of the Fontan Circulation: Current Day Practice and Limitations.

Multiple publications have described hemodynamic limitations and potential management options in patients with Fontan circulation; however, an acceptable range of hemodynamic parameters in this patient population has not been well defined. Identification of "normal" hemodynamic parameters among patients with Fontan circulation will allow physicians to more objectively define indications for intervention, which is a necessary first step to eliminate institutional and regional heterogeneity in Fontan management and potentially improve long-term clinical outcomes.