How personnel diversity and affective bonds affect performance-based financing: a moderator analysis of difference-in-difference estimator.

Organizational features of clinics exposed to PBF may help explain variation in outcomes and warrant further research and intervention in practice to identify and test opportunities to leverage them. Group pride may strengthen clinics' ability to improve care quality in PBF arrangements responsiveness. Improving health care facilities' pride may be an affordable and effective way to enhance health care organization adaptation.