(-)-Epicatechin Alters Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Production Independent of Mitochondrial Respiration in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells.

. EPI dose-dependently alters RONS production of HUVECs but does not impact mitochondrial respiration. The induction of NRF2 mRNA expression with EPI might relate to enhanced ERK1/2 signalling, rather than RONS production. In humans, EPI may improve vascular endothelial dysfunction via alteration of RONS and activation of cell signalling.