Age-Related Difficulty of Listening Effort in Elderly.

The present study identifies the combined effects of aging and listening environment related factors, such as directionality, types of stimuli, and the presence of background noise. A total of 50 listeners with normal hearing (25 older adults and 25 young adults) participated in a series of tasks. The detection task using tone and speech and a speech segregation task with two levels of background noise were conducted while sound was randomly presented via eight directional speakers. After completing each task, a subjective questionnaire using a seven-point Likert scale was asked to measure the amount of the subjects' listening effort in terms of speech, spatial, and hearing quality. As expected, the amount of listening effort required in all the experiments for the older group was significantly higher than for their young counterparts. The effects of aging and types of stimuli (tone and speech) also showed different patterns of listening effort for the older adults and younger adults. The combined interaction of aging, directionality, and presence of background noise led to a significantly different amount of listening effort for the older group (90.1%) compared to the younger group (53.1%), even in the same listening situation. These current results, when summarized, indicated weak tone detection ability at high frequencies occurred in the elderly population but the elderly could improve their ability by using speech sounds with broad-band spectrum energy. We suggest that a warning signal when using speech rather than a single tone is more advantageous for the elderly in a public environment. It is also better to converse with the elderly by avoiding situations where noise from behind can interrupt.