Nutshell Extracts of Xanthoceras sorbifolia: A New Potential Source of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds as a Natural Antioxidant and Immunomodulator.
Li ZhaoXing LiZe-Qing YeFei ZhangJuan-Juan HanTing YangZhe-Zhi WangYuan ZhangPublished in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2018)
The nutshell of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, a waste product in the production of edible oil, is rich in health-promoting phenolic acids. However, the individual constituents, bioactivities, and mechanism of action are largely unknown. In this study, 20 phenolic compounds were characterized in nutshell extract (NE) of X. sorbifolia by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Four established in vitro studies showed that NE has significant antioxidant potential. Results in vivo indicated that oral administration of NE effectively ameliorated clinical disease severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and reduced the neuroinflammation and the central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. The underlying mechanism of NE-induced effects involved decreased penetration of pathogenic immunocyte into the CNS, a reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines and factors, and suppressed differentiation of type 1 T helper and type 17 T helper cells through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. Taken together, our studies showed that X. sorbifolia nutshell, considered a waste material in the food industry, is a novel source of a natural antioxidant and immunomodulator.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- anti inflammatory
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- human health
- induced apoptosis
- diabetic rats
- regulatory t cells
- heavy metals
- dendritic cells
- healthcare
- case control
- public health
- risk assessment
- traumatic brain injury
- mental health
- municipal solid waste
- cell cycle arrest
- sewage sludge
- health information
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- solid phase extraction
- high glucose
- inflammatory response
- fatty acid
- lps induced
- nuclear factor
- drug induced
- cognitive impairment
- cell death
- mass spectrometry
- social media
- cell proliferation
- health promotion
- pi k akt
- liquid chromatography
- simultaneous determination