MAL2 reprograms lipid metabolism in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via EGFR/SREBP-1 pathway based on single-cell RNA sequencing.
Tian HuangHengsong CaoChuan LiuXiaohu SunShipeng DaiLi LiuYuliang WangCheng GuoXue-Hao WangYun GaoWeiwei TangYongxiang XiaPublished in: Cell death & disease (2024)
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive cancer characterized by a poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, utilizing scRNA-seq, we discovered that the tetra-transmembrane protein mal, T cell differentiation protein 2 (MAL2), exhibited specific enrichment in ICC cancer cells and was strongly associated with a poor prognosis. The inhibition of MAL2 effectively suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses suggested that MAL2 promoted lipid accumulation in ICC by stabilizing EGFR membrane localization and activated the PI3K/AKT/SREBP-1 axis. Molecular docking and Co-IP proved that MAL2 interacted directly with EGFR. Based on constructed ICC organoids, the downregulation of MAL2 enhanced apoptosis and sensitized ICC cells to cisplatin. Lastly, we conducted a virtual screen to identify sarizotan, a small molecule inhibitor of MAL2, and successfully validated its ability to inhibit MAL2 function. Our findings highlight the tumorigenic role of MAL2 and its involvement in cisplatin sensitivity, suggesting the potential for novel combination therapeutic strategies in ICC.
Keyphrases
- poor prognosis
- single cell
- small cell lung cancer
- long non coding rna
- molecular docking
- small molecule
- cell proliferation
- rna seq
- epidermal growth factor receptor
- tyrosine kinase
- mass spectrometry
- high throughput
- gene expression
- induced apoptosis
- signaling pathway
- wastewater treatment
- squamous cell carcinoma
- molecular dynamics simulations
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- dna methylation
- climate change
- binding protein