Chemical Composition of Natural Hydrolates and Their Antimicrobial Activity on Arcobacter-Like Cells in Comparison with Other Microorganisms.
David ŠilhaKarolína ŠvarcováTomáš BajerKarel KrálovecEliška TesařováKristýna MoučkováMarcela PejchalováPetra BajerováPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
Hydrolates obtained via the hydrodistillation and steam distillation of Lavandulaangustifolia Mill., Syzygiumaromaticum L., Foeniculumvulgare Mill., and Laurusnobilis L. were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, the hydrolates were evaluated for antimicrobial activity (disk-diffusion and microdilution method), influence on biofilm formation (Christensen method) and cytotoxicity of concentrated hydrolates against human cell lines (A549) by xCELLigence system. Using chemical analysis, 48, 9, 13 and 33 different components were detected in lavender, clove, fennel and laurel hydrolates, respectively. Lavender hydrolate contained the largest proportion of 1,8-cineol, linalool furanoxide, and linalool. The main components of laurel hydrolate were 1,8-cineol, 4-terpineol and α-terpineol. Fenchone and estragole were the most abundant in fennel hydrolate, and eugenol and eugenyl acetate in clove hydrolate. Concentrated hydrolates showed significant antimicrobial activity. Clove hydrolate was among the most antimicrobially active agents, most preferably against C. albicans, with an inhibition zone up to 23.5 mm. Moreover, concentrated hydrolates did not show any cytotoxic effect again8 st human A549 cells. In the presence of the non-concentrated hydrolates, significantly reduced biofilm formation was observed; however, with concentrated clove hydrolate, there was an increase in biofilm formation, e.g., of A. thereius, A. lanthieri, and A. butzleri. Research shows new findings about hydrolates that may be important in natural medicine or for preservation purposes.
Keyphrases
- gas chromatography
- biofilm formation
- mass spectrometry
- candida albicans
- essential oil
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- tandem mass spectrometry
- staphylococcus aureus
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- escherichia coli
- endothelial cells
- liquid chromatography
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- high performance liquid chromatography
- solid phase extraction
- induced apoptosis
- capillary electrophoresis
- pluripotent stem cells
- cystic fibrosis
- high resolution
- magnetic resonance
- cell cycle arrest
- anti inflammatory
- signaling pathway