Effects of Beetroot-Based Supplements on Muscular Endurance and Strength in Healthy Male Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the current literature and analyze the effects of beetroot-based supplements (BRS) on muscular performance. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the acute or short-term effects of BRS administration on muscular endurance and/or strength in healthy male individuals were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases from inception to February 20 th , 2023. In addition, we also searched preprint papers in medRxiv.org, bibRxiv.org; thesis and dissertations included in oatd.org; and clinical trials published in ClinicalTrials.gov. Data extraction, risk of bias, and study quality were assessed by 2 authors. Meta-analyses and subgroup analyses of standardized mean differences (SMD) were performed using a random-effects model. A total of 1486 records were identified in the databases and 2 were obtained by manual search in the reference list. Of those, 27 studies attended eligibility criteria and composed this systematic review. BRS administration resulted in a positive effect on muscular endurance (SMD: 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10 to 0.51; p  < 0.01; n  = 16 studies). There was an overall significative effect for muscular strength (SMD: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.48; p  < 0.05; n  = 18 studies), but a subgroup analysis showed that significant effects were found when strength was measured in a fatigued (SMD: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.03; p  < 0.01), but not resting state. BRS administration have a small ergogenic effect on muscular endurance and attenuate the decline in muscular strength in a fatigued state in healthy male individuals.