Effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on cardiac function in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Chris J KapeliosJonathan R MurrowThomas G NührenbergMaria N Montoro LopezPublished in: Heart failure reviews (2020)
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a disease with limited evidence-based treatment options. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) offer benefit in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but their impact in HFpEF remains unclear. We therefore evaluated the effect of MRA on echocardiographic, functional, and systemic parameters in patients with HFpEF by a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, clinicaltrials.gov , and Cochrane Clinical Trial Collection to identify randomized controlled trials that (a) compared MRA versus placebo/control in patients with HFpEF and (b) reported echocardiographic, functional, and/or systemic parameters relevant to HFpEF. Studies were excluded if: they enrolled asymptomatic patients; patients with HFrEF; patients after an acute coronary event; compared MRA to another active comparator; or reported a follow-up of less than 6 months. Primary outcomes were changes in echocardiographic parameters. Secondary end-points were changes in functional capacity, quality of life measures, and systemic parameters. Quantitative analysis was performed by generating forest plots and calculating effect sizes by random-effect models. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed through Q and I2 statistics. Nine trials with 1164 patients were included. MRA significantly decreased E/e' (mean difference - 1.37, 95% confidence interval - 1.72 to - 1.02), E/A (- 0.04, - 0.08 to 0.00), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (- 0.78 mm, - 1.34 to - 0.22), left atrial volume index (- 1.12 ml/m2, - 1.91 to - 0.33), 6-min walk test distance (- 11.56 m, - 21 to - 2.13), systolic (- 4.75 mmHg, - 8.94 to - 0.56) and diastolic blood pressure (- 2.91 mmHg, - 4.15 to - 1.67), and increased levels of serum potassium (0.23 mmol/L, 0.19 to 0.28) when compared with placebo/control. In patients with HFpEF, MRA treatment significantly improves indices of cardiac structure and function, suggesting a decrease in left ventricular filling pressure and reverse cardiac remodeling. MRA increase serum potassium and decrease blood pressure; however, a small decrease in 6-min-walk distance is also noted. Larger prospective studies are warranted to provide definitive answers on the effect of MRA in patients with HFpEF.
Keyphrases
- left ventricular
- ejection fraction
- aortic stenosis
- left atrial
- heart failure
- blood pressure
- clinical trial
- contrast enhanced
- end stage renal disease
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- acute myocardial infarction
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- randomized controlled trial
- newly diagnosed
- prognostic factors
- atrial fibrillation
- squamous cell carcinoma
- magnetic resonance imaging
- adipose tissue
- type diabetes
- peritoneal dialysis
- heart rate
- coronary artery disease
- aortic valve
- climate change
- radiation therapy
- locally advanced
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- combination therapy