[The role of the gut microbiome in health and diet-related diseases].

In recent years, new data have been obtained on the participation of the organism-associated microbiota in the pathogenesis of many non-communicable diseases. However, these data are mostly multidirectional and require interpretation. The aim - to highlight the role of the intestinal microbiome in the human body in health and some nutritional-dependent pathologies, taking into account modern scientific knowledge. Material and methods . The analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature in the field of studying the intestinal microbiome in humans and practical measures for its correction in the most common diet-related non-communicable diseases, using the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Schoolar, eLibrary, Cyberleninka databases has been held. Results . The data on the significance and function of the intestinal microbiome for the human body in health and in nutrient-dependent diseases, with attention to publications containing information that meets the criteria of scientific evidence have been summarized. It has been shown that the intestinal microbiome plays a biologically significant role not only in digestion processes, but also in many metabolic processes and in the adaptive potential of the human organism. The role of the microbiome in the metabolism of lipids supplied with food, as well as its participation in the mechanisms of development of dyslipidemias and metabolic syndrome in the case of dysbiotic disorders in the intestine, have been described. Conclusion . Nowadays the importance of the intestinal microbiome as an integral factor in the vital functions of the organism that determines the development and maintenance of the immune system, digestive processes, and biochemical balance in humans in norm has been convincingly proven at all levels of numerous studies. However, the study of the effect of dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiota as a direct cause of the development of non-communicable diseases requires further research with a high level of evidence.