Utility of combining frailty and comorbid disease indices in predicting outcomes following craniotomy for adult primary brain tumors: A mixed-effects model analysis using the nationwide readmissions database.

This study highlights the synergistic predictive capacity of frailty + ECI, especially in malignant tumor cases, and further suggests that comorbid diseases may greatly influence perioperative outcomes more than frailty. Enhanced risk assessment could aid clinical decision-making, patient counseling, and resource allocation, ultimately optimizing patient outcomes.