Morphometric analysis of the apical foramina in extracted human teeth.
Mohnish Zulfikar ManvaShamama SheereenM K HansRiyadh AlroomySreekanth Kumar MallineniPublished in: Folia morphologica (2020)
The most frequent direction of deviation is the distal surface, followed by the mesial surface. The variation is more common in mandibular posterior teeth, while maxillary posteriors showed the least difference. The commonest shape of the apical foramen is of a round shape, followed by the oval. The oval shape of the apical foramen is most frequent with central incisors.