Smoking, alcohol consumption and disease-specific outcomes in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs): systematic reviews informing the 2021 EULAR recommendations for lifestyle improvements in people with RMDs.
Maud WieczorekJames Martin GwinnuttMaxime Ransay-ColleAndra BalanescuHeike Bischoff-FerrariAnnelies BoonenGiulio CavalliSavia de SouzaAnnette de ThurahThomas Ernst DornerRikke Helene MoePolina PutrikJavier Rodriguez-CarrioLucía Silva-FernándezTanja Alexandra StammKaren Walker-BoneJoep WellingMirjana I Zlatković-ŠvendaSuzanne Mm VerstappenFrancis GuilleminPublished in: RMD open (2022)
Current literature supports that smoking has a negative impact on several RMD-specific outcomes and that moderate or high alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of flares in RA and gout.