Sirtuins Expression and Their Role in Retinal Diseases.
Sankarathi BalaiyaKhaled K Abu-AmeroAltaf A KondkarKakarla V ChalamPublished in: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity (2017)
Sirtuins have received considerable attention since the discovery that silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) extends the lifespan of yeast. Sir2, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- (NAD-) dependent histone deacetylase, serves as both a transcriptional effector and energy sensor. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative eye diseases. Sirtuins confer protection against oxidative stress and retinal degeneration. In mammals, the sirtuin (SIRT) family consists of seven proteins (SIRT1-SIRT7). These vary in tissue specificity, subcellular localization, and enzymatic activity and targets. In this review, we present the current knowledge of the sirtuin family and discuss their structure, cellular location, and biological function with a primary focus on their role in different neuroophthalmic diseases including glaucoma, optic neuritis, and age-related macular degeneration. The potential role of certain therapeutic targets is also described.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- optic nerve
- optical coherence tomography
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- histone deacetylase
- age related macular degeneration
- diabetic rats
- dna damage
- diabetic retinopathy
- induced apoptosis
- poor prognosis
- healthcare
- small molecule
- gene expression
- heat shock
- high throughput
- cell death
- hydrogen peroxide
- binding protein