The correlation among Claudin-9, Tyrosine kinase-2, and Signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 expressions in non-functioning pituitary adenoma and invasiveness.

Upregulated CLDN9 may increase the NFPA invasiveness through STAT3. In addition, low TYK2 expression might enhance the invasiveness in NFPA, which needs further studies to confirm. These results could provide a promising research leads for targeted treatment of NFPA.