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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa ) in Portugal.

Ana Cristina MatosLuis FigueiraMaria Helena MartinsLuis CardosoManuela MatosMaria de Lurdes PintoAna Cláudia Coelho
Published in: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) (2024)
Paratuberculosis, or Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting both domestic and wild ruminants. The agent was also found in wild mammals such as wild boar ( Sus scrofa ); however, the role of wild mammals in the epidemiology of MAP is unclear. During the research period, 941 free-ranging wild boar ( S. scrofa ) legally hunted in two locations in the central-eastern region of Portugal were examined. Ninety-seven wild boars exhibited one or more gross lesions and were tested for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using acid-fast staining, mycobacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and histopathological examination. Forty-five animals (46.4%, 95% CI: 36.5-56.3%) were identified as infected, as indicated by positive results in culture and/or PCR. The findings revealed that the most significant risk factor was being a juvenile compared to yearlings and adults (OR = 10.2, 95% CI: 2.2-48.0). Based on our results, 37.9% ( n = 11) of the infected animals were considered suitable for human consumption. Our findings offer novel insights into mycobacterial infections in wild boar populations in Portugal and suggest that wild boar could be a source of human infection if zoonotic potential is considered.
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