To investigate nurse practitioners' roles and competencies among rheumatology nurses in China, an online, cross-sectional survey was conducted between July 7 and 14, 2020 among the national cooperation group of nursing experts on management of rheumatic and immune diseases. A total of 796 valid questionnaires were returned and participants' mean total scores on the Nurse Practitioners' Roles and Competencies Scale (NPRCS) was 2.51 (SD = 0.55), indicating a medium level. Medical assistance, leadership reform, and clinical research had low scores in the six dimensions of the NPRCS. Nurse practitioners' roles and competencies in the area of rheumatology require improvement. Training should focus on medical assistance, leadership reform, and clinical research. The current study can provide a reference for an improved training framework of nursing practitioners in the rheumatology field.