The function of lactate dehydrogenase A in retinal neurons: implications to retinal degenerative diseases.
Ammaji RajalaMohd A BhatKenneth TeelGopa Kumar Gopinadhan NairLindsey PurcellRaju V S RajalaPublished in: PNAS nexus (2023)
The postmitotic retina is highly metabolic and the photoreceptors depend on aerobic glycolysis for an energy source and cellular anabolic activities. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is a key enzyme in aerobic glycolysis, which converts pyruvate to lactate. Here we show that cell-type-specific actively translating mRNA purification by translating ribosome affinity purification shows a predominant expression of LDHA in rods and cones and LDHB in the retinal pigment epithelium and Müller cells. We show that genetic ablation of LDHA in the retina resulted in diminished visual function, loss of structure, and a loss of dorsal-ventral patterning of the cone-opsin gradient. Loss of LDHA in the retina resulted in increased glucose availability, promoted oxidative phosphorylation, and upregulated the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS), a neuron survival factor. However, lacking LDHA in Müller cells does not affect visual function in mice. Glucose shortage is associated with retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and regulating the levels of LDHA may have therapeutic relevance. These data demonstrate the unique and unexplored roles of LDHA in the maintenance of a healthy retina.
Keyphrases
- diabetic retinopathy
- optic nerve
- optical coherence tomography
- induced apoptosis
- age related macular degeneration
- spinal cord
- poor prognosis
- cell cycle arrest
- binding protein
- blood glucose
- type diabetes
- high intensity
- metabolic syndrome
- gene expression
- cell death
- genome wide
- adipose tissue
- signaling pathway
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- machine learning
- artificial intelligence
- deep learning
- protein kinase
- mass spectrometry