TNF-α can promote membrane invasion by activating the MAPK/MMP9 signaling pathway through autocrine in bone-invasive pituitary adenoma.

Bone-invasive pituitary adenoma secretes higher levels of TNF-α, which then acts on itself in an autocrine manner, activating the MAPK pathway and promoting the expression of MMP9, thereby accelerating the membrane invasion process. SPD304 significantly inhibits the effect of TNF-α and may be applied in the clinical treatment of bone-invasive pituitary adenoma.