Non-invasive diagnostic imaging of Pelvic Venous Disorders.

It is estimated that the problem of Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) may concern up to 24% of women. Unfortunately, very often, despite extensive diagnostics, the cause of CPP remains unknown. The pathophysiology of CPP could be explained to a large extent by the occurrence of Pelvic Venous Disorders (PVD). Although pelvic venography is still considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of PVD, non-invasive diagnostic imaging techniques seem to be instrumental in the initial identification of patients with PVD. This literature review aimed to analyse and evaluate the usefulness of non-invasive diagnostic imaging techniques like Transvaginal Ultrasonography, Transabdominal Ultrasonography, Magnetic Resonance and Computed Tomography in the diagnosis and identification of patients with PVD. Forty-one articles published between 1984 and 2023 were included in this literature review. Based on this literature review, we conclude that the clinical application of non-invasive diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of PVD seems to be very promising. Future studies investigating the role of non-invasive diagnostic imaging techniques in the diagnosis of PVD are required.