The effects of chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and vancomycin on growth and biofilms of pathogens that cause prosthetic joint infections: an in-vitro model.

CHG and PI are effective at lower concentrations than typically used, establishing baselines to support further clinical trials aimed at optimizing wound disinfection. There is no synergistic advantage to using both in combination. Vancomycin is effective at inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis and S. aureus; however, it stimulates P. aeruginosa biofilm production, suggesting in the rare case of P. aeruginosa PJI, it could exacerbate infection.