Endocrine roles of vitamin K-dependent- osteocalcin in the relation between bone metabolism and metabolic disorders.
Ebtesam Abdullah Al-SuhaimiMeneerah Abdulrahman Al-JafaryPublished in: Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders (2021)
Obesity and diabetes are important metabolic diseases and a major public health problem among the world, they have serious health and economic complications. Overweight and obesity are increased risk for deficiency of vitamin particularly shortage of fat soluble-vitamins. Studies reported that vitamin K supplementation reduces oxidative stress and metabolic risk biomarkers for diabetes, as well as reduces progression of insulin resistance. Vitamin K-dependent-protein osteocalcin (bone derived hormone) plays crucial roles in energy metabolism. There is a clear association between circulating vitamin k and dependent-osteocalcin concentrations with obesity and risk of Type 2 diabetes. Osteocalcin through molecular mechanisms improves insulin resistance, lipid and glucose profile, and mediate vitamin K positive effects. Insulin also signals osteocalcin to regulate bone mineralization. Normal carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins/ hormones is a key step in preventing apoptosis and calcification of vascular endothelial cells. A missing relationship between bone, glucose and fat metabolism could clarify and manage many metabolic mechanisms. This review focuses on the physiological relationship between vitamin K-dependent-osteocalcin, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases through some molecular proteins and hormones including adipokines. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of osteocalcin modulated by vitamin K could help in implementing therapeutic drugs to cure metabolic diseases.
Keyphrases
- insulin resistance
- type diabetes
- public health
- adipose tissue
- oxidative stress
- cardiovascular disease
- metabolic syndrome
- glycemic control
- bone mineral density
- endothelial cells
- high fat diet induced
- high fat diet
- healthcare
- blood glucose
- soft tissue
- skeletal muscle
- bone loss
- fatty acid
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- bone regeneration
- body mass index
- signaling pathway
- cell death
- physical activity
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- protein protein
- binding protein
- quality improvement
- life cycle