Newest Therapies for Cholangiocarcinoma: An Updated Overview of Approved Treatments with Transplant Oncology Vision.
Yuqi ZhangAbdullah EsmailVincenzo MazzaferroMaen AbdelrahimPublished in: Cancers (2022)
A minority of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) can be cured by surgical intervention (i.e., liver resection (LR) and liver transplantation (LT)). When modern criteria for LT are met, this intervention along with neoadjuvant treatments may achieve unprecedented survival in selected patients. Liver resection is associated with a median overall survival (OS) of 40 months, this number drastically decreases for unresectable advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which is treated with systemic therapy. The first-line chemotherapy regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin is associated with a median overall survival of only 11.7 months. Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s approval of the isocitrate dehydrogenase ( IDH ) 1 inhibitor ivosidenib in August 2021, there has been increasing interest in targeted therapy for CCA patients harboring mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor ( FGFR ) 2, neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase ( NTRK ), B-raf kinase ( BRAF ), and HER2 . At the same time, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors isalso being used in relapsed CCA. This review looks into the most recently completed and ongoing studies of targeted therapy as monotherapy or in combination with chemo- and/or immunotherapy. Whether it is resection, liver transplant, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or any combination of these treatment modalities, great strides are being made to improve outcomes for this challenging disease.
Keyphrases
- locally advanced
- tyrosine kinase
- end stage renal disease
- newly diagnosed
- drug administration
- ejection fraction
- randomized controlled trial
- chronic kidney disease
- squamous cell carcinoma
- rectal cancer
- peritoneal dialysis
- prognostic factors
- early stage
- type diabetes
- acute myeloid leukemia
- photodynamic therapy
- diffuse large b cell lymphoma
- patient reported outcomes
- mesenchymal stem cells
- lymph node
- combination therapy
- low grade
- bone marrow
- multiple myeloma
- liver metastases
- weight loss
- radiation induced
- high grade
- double blind