ATP promotes immunosuppressive capacities of mesenchymal stromal cells by enhancing the expression of indoleamine dioxygenase.

We characterized ATP as a DAMP family member responsible for necrosis-induced immunomodulation. Given the increased concentration of DAMPs within tumor tissue and the fact that DAMPs can act as chemotattractants to MSCs, our results have implications for therapeutic strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment.