Ethylene Signaling Is Important for Isoflavonoid-Mediated Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in Roots of Medicago truncatula.
Yao LiuSamira HassanBrendan N KiddGagan GargUlrike MathesiusKaram B SinghJonathan P AndersonPublished in: Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI (2017)
The root-infecting necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctoniasolani causes significant disease to all the world's major food crops. As a model for pathogenesis of legumes, we have examined the interaction of R. solani AG8 with Medicago truncatula. RNAseq analysis of the moderately resistant M. truncatula accession A17 and highly susceptible sickle (skl) mutant (defective in ethylene sensing) identified major early transcriptional reprogramming in A17. Responses specific to A17 included components of ethylene signaling, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and consistent upregulation of the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Mass spectrometry revealed accumulation of the isoflavonoid-related compounds liquiritigenin, formononetin, medicarpin, and biochanin A in A17. Overexpression of an isoflavone synthase in M. truncatula roots increased isoflavonoid accumulation and resistance to R. solani. Addition of exogenous medicarpin suggested this phytoalexin may be one of several isoflavonoids required to contribute to resistance to R. solani. Together, these results provide evidence for the role of ethylene-mediated accumulation of isoflavonoids during defense against root pathogens in legumes. The involvement of ethylene signaling and isoflavonoids in the regulation of both symbiont-legume and pathogen-legume interactions in the same tissue may suggest tight regulation of these responses are required in the root tissue.
Keyphrases
- mass spectrometry
- reactive oxygen species
- transcription factor
- cell proliferation
- candida albicans
- blood brain barrier
- gene expression
- single cell
- liquid chromatography
- climate change
- poor prognosis
- gram negative
- antimicrobial resistance
- long non coding rna
- heat stress
- capillary electrophoresis
- tandem mass spectrometry