Surface Functionalization of Green-synthesized Reduced Graphene Oxide with PPIX Enhances Photosensitization of Cancer Cells.
Soumya Shuvra SmitaAnkita DasAnanya BaruiPublished in: Photochemistry and photobiology (2020)
Photosensitizer-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoparticles are promising materials for photodynamic therapy in cancer management. In this study, rGO is synthesized by a green route employing glucose as the reducing agent and functionalized with photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in a convenient, single-step procedure. PPIX-functionalized rGO exhibits photodynamic effect against cancer cells (HeLa) at 0.001 mg mL-1 under visible light illumination (635 nm). A 50% elimination of HeLa cells after 5 min irradiation is observed while very low phototoxicity (80% cell viability) is noted against normal dermal fibroblast cells. A positive correlation with ROS accumulation and increased expression of caspase-3 in PPIX-functionalized rGO-treated cancer cells is also established. The results evidence a simple and cost-effective route for developing photosensitizer-functionalized rGO for effective and selective killing of cancer cells.
Keyphrases
- reduced graphene oxide
- photodynamic therapy
- cell cycle arrest
- gold nanoparticles
- induced apoptosis
- quantum dots
- cell death
- fluorescence imaging
- molecularly imprinted
- visible light
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- poor prognosis
- oxidative stress
- type diabetes
- dna damage
- squamous cell carcinoma
- papillary thyroid
- young adults
- squamous cell
- insulin resistance
- wound healing