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ER-Phagy and Its Role in ER Homeostasis in Plants.

Yan BaoDiane C Bassham
Published in: Plants (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest continuous membrane-bound cellular organelle and plays a central role in the biosynthesis of lipids and proteins and their distribution to other organelles. Autophagy is a conserved process that is required for recycling unwanted cellular components. Recent studies have implicated the ER as a membrane source for the formation of autophagosomes, vesicles that transport material to the vacuole during autophagy. When unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER and/or the ER lipid bilayer is disrupted, a condition known as ER stress results. During ER stress, ER membranes can also be engulfed through autophagy in a process termed ER-phagy. An interplay between ER stress responses and autophagy thus maintains the functions of the ER to allow cellular survival. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding ER-phagy in plants, including identification of regulatory factors and selective autophagy receptors. We also identify key unanswered questions in plant ER-phagy for future study.
Keyphrases
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • estrogen receptor
  • breast cancer cells
  • cell death
  • endoplasmic reticulum stress
  • oxidative stress
  • signaling pathway
  • transcription factor
  • fatty acid