Roles and clinical application of exosomal circRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.
Dong YeMengdan GongYongqin DengShuai FangYujie CaoYizhen XiangZhisen ShenPublished in: Journal of translational medicine (2022)
Exosomes are microvesicles secreted by cells. They contain a variety of bioactive substances with important roles in intercellular communication. Circular RNA (circRNA), a type of nucleic acid molecule found in exosomes, forms a covalently bonded closed loop without 5' caps or 3' poly(A) tails. It is structurally stable, widely distributed, and tissue specific. CircRNAs mainly act as microRNA sponges and have important regulatory roles in gene expression; they are superior to other non-coding RNAs as molecular diagnostic markers and drug treatment targets. Exosomal-derived circRNAs in the body fluids of tumor patients can modulate tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. They can be used as effective biomarkers for early non-invasive diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of tumors, and also represent ideal targets for early precision therapeutic intervention. This review provides a theoretical basis for exploring the applications of exosomal circRNAs in malignant tumor diagnosis and treatment. We describe the biological functions of exosomal circRNAs in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, their potential utility in diagnosis and treatment, and possible mechanisms.
Keyphrases
- gene expression
- nucleic acid
- mesenchymal stem cells
- end stage renal disease
- stem cells
- randomized controlled trial
- ejection fraction
- signaling pathway
- newly diagnosed
- induced apoptosis
- risk assessment
- dna methylation
- oxidative stress
- peritoneal dialysis
- transcription factor
- emergency department
- cell cycle arrest
- drinking water
- single molecule
- bone marrow
- combination therapy
- cell migration
- climate change
- pi k akt
- electronic health record
- patient reported outcomes