Chronic Pain Status, Nicotine Withdrawal, and Expectancies for Smoking Cessation Among Lighter Smokers.

These findings suggest that individuals with chronic pain may constitute an important subgroup of tobacco smokers who tend to experience lower confidence and greater difficulty when attempting to quit. Future research would benefit from replicating these findings among older and more diverse samples of heavier tobacco smokers, and extending this work to the study of prospective relations between chronic pain status and cessation-relevant processes/outcomes over the course of a quit attempt.