The Cortical Representation of Language Timescales is Shared between Reading and Listening.

Language comprehension involves integrating low-level sensory inputs into a hierarchy of in-creasingly high-level features. Prior work studied brain representations of different levels of the language hierarchy, but has not determined whether integration pathways in the brain are shared for written and spoken language. To address this issue, we analyzed fMRI BOLD data recorded while participants read and listened to the same narratives in each modality. Levels of the lan-guage hierarchy were operationalized as timescales , where each timescale refers to a set of spectral components of a language stimulus. Voxelwise encoding models were used to determine where different timescales are represented across the cerebral cortex, for each modality separately. These models reveal that between the two modalities timescale representations are organized similarly across the cortical surface. Our results suggest that, after low-level sensory processing, language integration proceeds similarly regardless of stimulus modality.