Proton MR Spectroscopy in Assessing the Biochemical Milieu of Human Testes.
Athina C TsiliLoukas AstrakasNikolaos SofikitisMaria I ArgyropoulouPublished in: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI (2020)
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), considered a connection between metabolism and anatomic and functional information provided by standard MRI, gives information on various tissue metabolites and their pathologic changes. Recently, proton MRS has been added as an adjunct tool to the multiparametric protocol of scrotal MRI, providing a new insight into the extremely complex biochemical milieu of normal and abnormal testes. This article reviews proton MR spectra of normal testes, showing age and bilateralism dependence. Disturbances of various metabolic pathways in testes of infertile men resulting in alterations of metabolite peaks are discussed. Preliminary data on proton MR spectra of testicular mass lesions are presented. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5. TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 5.
Keyphrases
- contrast enhanced
- magnetic resonance imaging
- magnetic resonance
- randomized controlled trial
- endothelial cells
- electron transfer
- computed tomography
- diffusion weighted imaging
- high resolution
- health information
- density functional theory
- healthcare
- ms ms
- squamous cell carcinoma
- lymph node
- metabolic syndrome
- skeletal muscle
- social media
- molecular dynamics
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- meta analyses