Beetroot, a Remarkable Vegetable: Its Nitrate and Phytochemical Contents Can be Adjusted in Novel Formulations to Benefit Health and Support Cardiovascular Disease Therapies.
Diego Dos S BaiãoDavi V T da SilvaVania Margaret Flosi PaschoalinPublished in: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
The cardioprotective effects of dietary nitrate from beetroot in healthy and hypertensive individuals are undeniable and irrefutable. Nitrate and nitrate-derived nitrite are precursors for nitric oxide synthesis exhibiting an effect on cardiomyocytes and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, improving endothelial function, reducing arterial stiffness and stimulating smooth muscle relaxation, decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Beetroot phytochemicals like betanin, saponins, polyphenols, and organic acids can resist simulated gastrointestinal digestion, raising the hypothesis that the cardioprotective effects of beetroots result from the combination of nitrate/nitrite and bioactive compounds that limit the generation of reactive oxygen species and modulate gene expression. Nitrate and phytochemical concentrations can be adjusted in beet formulations to fulfill requirements for acute or long-term supplementations, enhancing patient adherence to beet intervention. Based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials, beet nitrate and its bioactive phytochemicals are promising as a novel supportive therapy to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases.
Keyphrases
- nitric oxide
- cardiovascular disease
- drinking water
- blood pressure
- nitric oxide synthase
- gene expression
- hydrogen peroxide
- smooth muscle
- left ventricular
- clinical trial
- reactive oxygen species
- healthcare
- mental health
- liver failure
- type diabetes
- randomized controlled trial
- dna methylation
- heart failure
- stem cells
- case report
- coronary artery disease
- climate change
- bone marrow
- social media
- risk assessment
- weight loss
- cell therapy
- metabolic syndrome
- replacement therapy
- study protocol