Cardiac Computed Tomography Versus Transesophageal Echocardiography for the Detection of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been considered the gold standard for left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus detection. Nevertheless, TEE may sometimes induce discomfort and cause complications. Cardiac computed tomography has been studied extensively for LAA thrombus detection. We performed this systemic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac computed tomography for LAA thrombus detection compared with TEE. Methods and Results A systemic search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1977 to February 2021. Studies performed for assessment diagnostic accuracy of cardiac computed tomography on LAA thrombus compared with TEE were included. Summary sensitivity, specificity, and posterior probability of LAA thrombus was calculated by using bivariate random-effects model. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool was used for the quality assessment. A total of 27 studies involving 6960 patients were included in our study. The summary sensitivity of early imaging studies was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.79-0.99), and the specificity was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85-0.92). The positive posterior probability was 19.11%, and the negative posterior probability was 0.16%. The summary sensitivity of delayed imaging studies was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92-1.00), and the specificity was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.98-1.00). The positive posterior probability was 95.76%, and the negative posterior probability was 0.12%. The delayed imaging method significantly improved the specificity (1.00 versus 0.89; P<0.05) and positive posterior probability (95.76% versus 19.11%; P<0.05). Conclusions Cardiac computed tomography with a delayed imaging is a reliable alternative to TEE. It may save the patient and health care from an excess TEE. Registration URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO; Unique identifier: CRD42021236352.