CD28/PD1 co-expression: dual impact on CD8 + T cells in peripheral blood and tumor tissue, and its significance in NSCLC patients' survival and ICB response.

Our findings identify signatures able to stratify survival of LUAD patients and predict ICB response in advanced NSCLC. CD28 is advocated as a key determinant in the signatures identified, in both periphery and tumor site, thus likely providing feasible biomarkers of ICB response.