Nostalgia, Ritual Engagement, and Meaning in Life.

Rituals are pervasive and beneficial. Little is known, however, about causes or antecedents of ritual engagement. We hypothesized that nostalgia-a sentimental longing for one's past-promotes ritual engagement, which in turn augments meaning in life. We tested this hypothesis in five methodologically diverse studies. In Study 1 ( N = 311), nostalgia was positively associated with ritual engagement. In Study 2 ( N = 188), nostalgia promoted ritual engagement, and in Study 3 ( N = 296), it did so over engagement in a neutral task. In Study 4 ( N = 252), nostalgia predicted later ritual engagement but not vice versa, convergent with Studies 2 and 3. Furthermore, nostalgia prospectively predicted meaning in life through specific ritualistic behaviors during a traditional festival. Finally, in Study 5 ( N = 166), experimentally manipulated ritual engagement augmented meaning in life. As hypothesized, nostalgia advances ritual engagement, contributing to a meaningful life.