Toward Precision Medicine with Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Diabetes.
Bushra MemonEssam M AbdelalimPublished in: Stem cells translational medicine (2022)
Although genome profiling provides important genetic and phenotypic details for applying precision medicine to diabetes, it is imperative to integrate in vitro human cell models, accurately recapitulating the genetic alterations associated with diabetes. The absence of the appropriate preclinical human models and the unavailability of genetically relevant cells substantially limit the progress in developing personalized treatment for diabetes. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide a scalable source for generating diabetes-relevant cells carrying the genetic signatures of the patients. Remarkably, allogenic hPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors and β cells are being used in clinical trials with promising preliminary results. Autologous hiPSC therapy options exist for those with monogenic and type 2 diabetes; however, encapsulation or immunosuppression must be accompanied with in the case of type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies-identified candidate variants can be introduced in hPSCs for deciphering the associated molecular defects. The hPSC-based disease models serve as excellent resources for drug development facilitating personalized treatment. Indeed, hPSC-based diabetes models have successfully provided valuable knowledge by modeling different types of diabetes, which are discussed in this review. Herein, we also evaluate their strengths and shortcomings in dissecting the underlying pathogenic molecular mechanisms and discuss strategies for improving hPSC-based disease modeling investigations.
Keyphrases
- type diabetes
- pluripotent stem cells
- glycemic control
- cardiovascular disease
- endothelial cells
- induced apoptosis
- clinical trial
- genome wide
- cell cycle arrest
- healthcare
- cell death
- single cell
- insulin resistance
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- prognostic factors
- dna methylation
- adipose tissue
- cell proliferation
- stem cells
- bone marrow
- signaling pathway
- study protocol
- genome wide association