Coarse-grained implicit solvent lipid force field with a compatible resolution to the Cα protein representation.

Biological membranes have been prominent targets for coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations. While minimal CG lipid models with three beads per lipid and quantitative CG lipid models with >10 beads per lipid have been well studied, in between them, CG lipid models with a compatible resolution to residue-level CG protein models are much less developed. Here, we extended a previously developed three-bead lipid model into a five-bead model and parameterized it for two phospholipids, POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine). The developed model, iSoLF, reproduced the area per lipid, hydrophobic thickness, and phase behaviors of the target phospholipid bilayer membranes at the physiological temperature. The model POPC and DPPC membranes were in liquid and gel phases, respectively, in accordance with experiments. We further examined the spontaneous formation of a membrane bilayer, the temperature dependence of physical properties, the vesicle dynamics, and the POPC/DPPC two-component membrane dynamics of the CG lipid model, showing some promise. Once combined with standard Cα protein models, the iSoLF model will be a powerful tool to simulate large biological membrane systems made of lipids and proteins.