Incidence and Persistence of Depression Among Women Living with and Without HIV in South Africa: A Longitudinal Study.
Georgina SpiesElisabete Castelon KonkiewitzSoraya SeedatPublished in: AIDS and behavior (2018)
Depression and trauma are common among women living with HIV. This is the first study to track the longitudinal course of depression and examine the relationship between depression and trauma over time among women in South Africa. HIV-infected and uninfected women (N = 148) were assessed at baseline and one year later. Results of a path analysis show the multi-directional and entwined influence of early life stress, other life-threatening traumas across the lifespan, depression and PTSD over the course of HIV. We also observed higher rates of depressive symptomatology and more persistent cases among infected women compared to uninfected women, as well as a more consistent and enduring relationship between childhood trauma and depression among women living with HIV. The present study is unique in documenting the course of untreated depression and PTSD in women with and without HIV infection with a high prevalence of early childhood trauma.
Keyphrases
- hiv infected
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- depressive symptoms
- antiretroviral therapy
- south africa
- pregnancy outcomes
- hiv positive
- sleep quality
- early life
- breast cancer risk
- human immunodeficiency virus
- insulin resistance
- risk factors
- social support
- hiv aids
- bipolar disorder
- physical activity
- metabolic syndrome
- skeletal muscle
- hiv testing
- men who have sex with men
- posttraumatic stress disorder
- data analysis