The effect of oral probiotics on CD4 count in patients with HIV infection undergoing treatment with ART who have had an immunological failure.

In the first group (A), administration of the placebo resulted in a decrease in CD4 count in the first 3 months (from 202.21 to 181.79, p value < .001), which may be due to the natural history of the disease. After probiotics administration, CD4 count increased significantly (from 181.79 to 243.86, p value < .001). Overall, after 7 months of study, there was a significant increase in the mean CD count from 202.21 to 243.86 (p value < .001). In the second group (B), the administration of probiotics in the first 3 months of the study resulted in a significant increase in the mean CD4 count (from 126.45 to 175.73, p value < .001). Termination of treatment with probiotics resulted in a significant decrease (from 175.73 to 138.9, p value < .001) but overall the CD4 count at the end of the study was significantly higher than at baseline (p value < .001).