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Visualization of human T lymphocyte-mediated eradication of cancer cells in vivo.

Xing-Kang HeXin YinJing WuStina Linnea WickströmYanhong DuoQiqiao DuShuhang QinShuzhong YaoXu JingKayoko HosakaJieyu WuLasse D JensenAndreas LundqvistAlexander I SalterLars BräutigamWei TaoYuguo ChenRolf KiesslingYihai Cao
Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2020)
Lymphocyte-based immunotherapy has emerged as a breakthrough in cancer therapy for both hematologic and solid malignancies. In a subpopulation of cancer patients, this powerful therapeutic modality converts malignancy to clinically manageable disease. However, the T cell- and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell-mediated antimetastatic activity, especially their impacts on microscopic metastatic lesions, has not yet been investigated. Here we report a living zebrafish model that allows us to visualize the metastatic cancer cell killing effect by tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CAR-T cells in vivo at the single-cell level. In a freshly isolated primary human melanoma, specific TILs effectively eliminated metastatic cancer cells in the living body. This potent metastasis-eradicating effect was validated using a human lymphoma model with CAR-T cells. Furthermore, cancer-associated fibroblasts protected metastatic cancer cells from T cell-mediated killing. Our data provide an in vivo platform to validate antimetastatic effects by human T cell-mediated immunotherapy. This unique technology may serve as a precision medicine platform for assessing anticancer effects of cellular immunotherapy in vivo before administration to human cancer patients.
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