Candida spp. and Cryptococcus are conditional pathogenic fungi that commonly infect immunocompromised patients. Over the past few decades, the increase in antifungal resistance has prompted the development of new antifungal agents. In this study, we explored the potential antifungal effects of secretions from Serratia marcescens on Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. We confirmed that the supernatant of S. marcescens inhibited fungal growth, suppressed hyphal and biofilm formation, and downregulated the expression of hyphae-specific genes and virulence-related genes in Candida spp. and C. neoformans. Furthermore, the S. marcescens supernatant retained biological stability after heat, pH, and protease K treatment. The chemical profile of the S. marcescens supernatant was characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry analysis and a total of 61 compounds with an mzCloud best match of greater than 70 were identified. In vivo, treatment with the S. marcescens supernatant reduced the mortality of fungi-infected Galleria mellonella. Taken together, our results revealed that the stable antifungal substances in the supernatant of S. marcescens have promising potential applications in the development of new antifungal agents.
Keyphrases
- candida albicans
- biofilm formation
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- cell free
- tandem mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- mass spectrometry
- gas chromatography
- simultaneous determination
- chronic kidney disease
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- staphylococcus aureus
- poor prognosis
- high resolution
- prognostic factors
- cardiovascular disease
- human health
- risk assessment
- heat stress
- climate change
- intensive care unit
- patient reported outcomes
- long non coding rna
- patient reported
- replacement therapy