Leaflet Tissue Generation from Microfibrous Heart Valve Leaflet Scaffolds with Native Characteristics.
Soumen JanaDavid MorseAmir LermanPublished in: ACS applied bio materials (2021)
Mechanical and bioprosthetic valves that are currently applied for replacing diseased heart valves are not fully efficient. Heart valve tissue engineering may solve the issues faced by the prosthetic valves in heart valve replacement. The leaflets of native heart valves have a trilayered structure with layer-specific orientations; thus, it is imperative to develop functional leaflet tissue constructs with a native trilayered, oriented structure. Its key solution is to develop leaflet scaffolds with a native morphology and structure. In this study, microfibrous leaflet scaffolds with a native trilayered and oriented structure were developed in an electrospinning system. The scaffolds were implanted for 3 months in rats subcutaneously to study the scaffold efficiencies in generating functional tissue-engineered leaflet constructs. These in vivo tissue-engineered leaflet constructs had a trilayered, oriented structure similar to native leaflets. The tensile properties of constructs indicated that they were able to endure the hydrodynamic load of the native heart valve. Collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and elastin─the predominant extracellular matrix components of native leaflets─were found sufficiently in the leaflet tissue constructs. The residing cells in the leaflet tissue constructs showed vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin expression, i.e., the constructs were in a growing state. Thus, the trilayered, oriented fibrous leaflet scaffolds produced in this study could be useful to develop heart valve scaffolds for successful heart valve replacements.
Keyphrases
- aortic valve
- tissue engineering
- mitral valve
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- aortic valve replacement
- aortic stenosis
- transcatheter aortic valve implantation
- heart failure
- atrial fibrillation
- smooth muscle
- left ventricular
- poor prognosis
- induced apoptosis
- oxidative stress
- signaling pathway
- coronary artery disease
- cell proliferation
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- solid state