Aster glehni Extract, Including Caffeoylquinic Acids as the Main Constituents, Induces PPAR β/δ-Dependent Muscle-Type Change and Myogenesis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice.
Yong-Jik LeeYoo-Na JangYoon-Mi HanHyun-Min KimHong Seog SeoHyoung Ja KimTae Woo JungJi Hoon JeongA M Abd El-AtyKyung Oh JungPublished in: Journal of medicinal food (2024)
To probe the functions of Aster glehni (AG) extract containing various caffeoylquinic acids on dyslipidemia, obesity, and skeletal muscle-related diseases focused on the roles of skeletal muscle, we measured the levels of biomarkers involved in oxidative phosphorylation and type change of skeletal muscle in C 2 C 12 cells and skeletal muscle tissues from apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice. After AG extract treatment in cell and animal experiments, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to estimate the levels of proteins that participated in skeletal muscle type change and oxidative phosphorylation. AG extract elevated protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), phosphorylated 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ), myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissues. Furthermore, it elevated the ATP concentration. However, protein expression of myostatin was decreased by AG treatment. In C 2 C 12 cells, increments of MyoD, myoglobin, myosin, ATP-producing pathway, and differentiation degree by AG were dependent on PPARβ/δ and caffeoylquinic acids. AG extract can contribute to the amelioration of skeletal muscle inactivity and sarcopenia through myogenesis in skeletal muscle tissues from ApoE KO mice, and function of AG extract may be dependent on PPARβ/δ, and the main functional constituents of AG are trans-5- O -caffeoylquinic acid and 3,5- O -dicaffeoylquinic acid. In addition, in skeletal muscle, AG has potent efficacies against dyslipidemia and obesity through the increase of the type 1 muscle fiber content to produce more ATP by oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle tissues from ApoE KO mice.
Keyphrases
- skeletal muscle
- insulin resistance
- high fat diet induced
- quantum dots
- high fat diet
- protein kinase
- oxidative stress
- highly efficient
- metabolic syndrome
- type diabetes
- visible light
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- fatty acid
- cell death
- adipose tissue
- weight loss
- body mass index
- south africa
- amino acid
- drug induced
- smoking cessation
- mild cognitive impairment
- fluorescent probe
- combination therapy
- living cells