Expression of biomarkers in the AKT pathway correlates with malignancy and recurrence in phyllodes tumours of the breast.

These findings indicate that alterations in AKT pathway activation may correlate with malignant transformation and recurrence in PT. Low epithelial INPP4B/PTEN expression is associated with shorter recurrence-free survival. These observations suggest that the pathway may play a crucial role in the biological behaviour and progression of PT, and assessing the expression of this pathway may be of value in diagnosis, grading, prognostication, and management.