In Vitro Toxicity of Bone Graft Materials to Human Mineralizing Cells.
Fan YangKao LiShi FuMichael CuiffoMarcia SimonMiriam RafailovichGeorgios E RomanosPublished in: Materials (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Bone graft materials from synthetic, bovine, and human sources were analyzed and tested for in vitro cytotoxicity on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2). Raman spectroscopy indicated significant amounts of collagen only in human bone-derived materials, where the mineral to protein ratio was 3.55 ± 0.45, consistent with bone. X-ray fluorescence revealed tungsten (W) concentrations of 463 ± 73, 400 ± 77, and 92 ± 42 ppm in synthetic, bovine, and human bone chips, respectively. When these chips were added to DPSCs on tissue culture plastic, the doubling times after two days were the same as the controls, 16.5 ± 0.5 h. Those cultured with synthetic or bovine chips were 96.5 ± 8.1 and 25.2 ± 1.4 h, respectively. Saos-2 was more sensitive. During the first two days with allogeneic or bovine graft materials, cell numbers declined. When DPSC were cultured on collagen, allogeneic and bovine bone chips did not increase doubling times. We propose cytotoxicity was associated with tungsten, where only the concentration in human bone chips was below 184 ppm, the value reported as cytotoxic in vitro. Cells on collagen were resistant to bone chips, possibly due to tungsten adsorption by collagen.
Keyphrases
- endothelial cells
- bone mineral density
- induced apoptosis
- stem cells
- soft tissue
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- bone loss
- bone regeneration
- pluripotent stem cells
- postmenopausal women
- bone marrow
- cell cycle arrest
- magnetic resonance imaging
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- high resolution
- cell therapy
- mesenchymal stem cells
- body composition
- cell proliferation
- tissue engineering
- drinking water
- small molecule
- single molecule
- quantum dots
- pi k akt